Internet of Things Applications in Environmental Sustainability: A Comprehensive Review of Smart Monitoring Systems in Agriculture and Water Management
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33292/ost.vol4no2.2024.140Keywords:
Environmental monitoring, Internet of Things (IoT), Smart agriculture, Sustainability, Water managementAbstract
Internet of Things (IoT) telah menjadi teknologi utama dalam meningkatkan keberlanjutan lingkungan, terutama dalam pengelolaan air dan pertanian. Namun, masih terdapat tantangan dalam efisiensi penggunaan sumber daya, pemantauan real-time, dan pengambilan keputusan berbasis data. Tanpa sistem pemantauan cerdas yang terintegrasi, praktik pengelolaan air dan pertanian sering kali tidak optimal, menyebabkan pemborosan sumber daya dan dampak lingkungan yang lebih besar. Tinjauan literatur ini mengeksplorasi berbagai aplikasi IoT dalam sistem pemantauan cerdas, dengan fokus pada solusi yang diterapkan, teknologi sensor, parameter lingkungan yang dipantau, hasil implementasi, serta tantangan dan rekomendasi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa IoT dapat meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan sumber daya, mendukung pengambilan keputusan berbasis data, serta mengoptimalkan praktik pertanian dan distribusi air. Namun, tantangan seperti biaya implementasi yang tinggi, privasi data, dan interoperabilitas masih menghambat adopsi secara luas. Untuk mengatasi hal ini, studi ini merekomendasikan peningkatan aksesibilitas teknologi IoT, pengembangan komunikasi nirkabel bawah tanah, serta keterlibatan publik dalam pengelolaan air pintar. Dengan solusi ini, IoT berpotensi menciptakan sistem pemantauan lingkungan yang lebih efisien dan berkelanjutan di masa depan.
The Internet of Things (IoT) has become a key technology in enhancing environmental sustainability, particularly in water management and agriculture. However, challenges remain in resource efficiency, real-time monitoring, and data-driven decision-making. Without an integrated smart monitoring system, water and agricultural management practices are often suboptimal, leading to resource waste and greater environmental impact. This literature review explores various IoT applications in smart monitoring systems, focusing on implemented solutions, sensor technologies, monitored environmental parameters, implementation outcomes, challenges, and recommendations. The findings indicate that IoT can significantly improve resource efficiency, support data-driven decision-making, and optimize agricultural practices and water distribution. However, challenges such as high implementation costs, data privacy concerns, and interoperability issues still hinder widespread adoption. To address these challenges, this study recommends improving IoT technology accessibility, developing underground wireless communication systems, and increasing public engagement in smart water management initiatives. By implementing these solutions, IoT has the potential to create more efficient and sustainable environmental monitoring systems in the future.
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